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Through trade agreements and inflation, tariff levels have been reduced to about one fourth the 1931-1934 levels. These advances toward a freer trading position have been hindered by the rapid growth in import quotas. Some sectors of American agriculture have been in the forefront of those seeking import limitations. The use of price supports in implementing American agricultural programs tends to en courage imports and discourage exports. In addition, price supports have stimulated new programs to encourage exports; such as by transferring purchasing power abroad, or by reduc ing export prices. These programs range from special loans, sales for local currency (Public Law 480), to export subsidies. Such attempts to insulate domestic agricultural prosperity from the world market divert individual attention and reduce the pressures which otherwise might strongly press for an ac tive and liberal trade policy. Similarly these programs have lowered the influence of the foreign protests, by introducing the additional opinions of those benefiting from special sales. The present complex of programs and policies has quieted the voices of many of those strongly proposing freer trade in order to lower costs.

Agriculture has a critical significance for every country. Growing cereal, vegetable, fruit, animal breeding and fishery are some of the agricultural activities. First of all, it is important to mention that population is fed by agricultural activities. Raw materials are obtained through these activities. Employment is ensured for the citizens and foreign exchange income is ensured by exporting the goods. Per capita income increases through various agricultural activities. The basic goal of agricultural activities is to ensure sufficient and balanced nourishment of citizens. Agricultural policies that are determined according to the realities of Turkey will surely accelerate the development of the country. Agricultural activities should be the basic driving force of national development. Modern production methods in agriculture should be applied. Highly productive seeds should be used. Irrigated farming should be extended. Agricultural diseases and pesticides should be prevented. Marketing should be enhanced. Agriculture based food industries should be established and supported.

Diet includes many risk factors for the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs), but diets consumed in Europe and in other parts of the developed world are not being modified sufficiently to take account of health priorities concerning, in particular, the prevention of NCDs, while much excess mortality and morbidity could be prevented by government actions to regulate appropriately both the agricultural and food industries, and to apply appropriate taxes and subsidies to promote healthier nutrition. In Europe, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) continues to promote production of saturated fat rich foods and sugar, with scarce attempts to promote increased production of fruit and vegetables. Meanwhile, the food industry continues to market secondary food products rich in sugar, salt and saturated fats. Powerful lobbies seek to block reform; however, necessary reforms are indicated in the interests of improved nutritional health.

Agriculture market offering with liberal global market as a consequence of the opening for the economy in Indonesia. Liberalization is due to unilateral policies and international trade agreements including both tariffs and non-tariffs. The purpose of this study is to determine Trade Perspective And Agriculture Policy Perspective In Indonesia . The methode that was used in the research is library research approach, this study means the whole activity of collecting some library data, reading making a note and analyzing of the research. The results of the study explain that agricultural producing countries as developing countries are at a disadvantage or receive very little profit from international trade. Liberalization can have detrimental effects that can threaten the domestic market and the interests of other staff concerned about the welfare of producer farmers and food security. This can occur due to production errors of resource ownership, mastery of technology, economic development and the government's commitment to the focus of the agricultural sector.

The current structure of the American animal agriculture industry is fraught with problems. The externalities from it are disproportionately felt by a limited group of individuals who lack political and economic influence. Far from taxing or constraining animal agriculture, The U.S. Government subsidizes its worst practices through a variety of direct and indirect methods. This paper recommends four specific reforms in agriculture policy that will level the playing field for small farmers and push the industry toward greater economic efficiency.

This book examines the implications of risk management for policy in agriculture. Opening with a chapter on risk management principles and guidelines for policy design in agriculture, the book goes on to look at quantitative analysis of risk and then at policy in various countries.

The researcher proposed the organic agriculture policy implementation model. The policy recommendations concerned. The policy structure and planning. Regarding, the policy structure, the organic agriculture department set up to handle the policy structure and planning. There should be unity and continuity in policy and implementation. The budget from the chemical and fertilizer import taxes should be used for local organic agriculture markets. Some measure should to increase the entrepreneur's motivation. There should be one standard for each organic product and procedures should be practical for the Thai context. ; In policy planning, there should be an organic agriculture road map and all stakeholders should be involved contributed, there should sufficient resources, liberal participation, development of the organic agriculture process, the production, the manufacture, the distribution channels and logistics, suitable marketing strategies, positioning and branding. ; It was recommended that human resources should be trained to have a good knowledge of organic agriculture throughout the supply chain. The budget allocation should be project - based and practical research should be financially supported. Organic products needed to be made to differ from conventional products. There should be PR for organic branding. A course on organic agriculture should be designed to educate the people. Future research should study international success cases of resource funding, organic supply chain management in order to adapt to the Thai's context. ; Dissertation (D.P.A.)--National Institute of Development Administration, 2015 ; The objectives of the study of key success factors in the organic agriculture policy implementation was to identify problems of, obstacles to and restrictions on the putting the national organic agriculture policy into practice, to evaluate the success factors of implementing the organic agriculture policy, and to propose an organic agricultural policy model for sustainable policy implementation. ...

The objectives of the study were to identify problems, obstacles and restrictions the national organic agriculture policy implementation, and to evaluate the success factors of the policy implementation in order to propose an organic agricultural policy model for sustainable policy implementation. This qualitative research included both documentary and field research. The unit of analysis was organic agriculture projects implemented in all parts of Thailand. The triangular method was used to verify the data, and content analysis was made to find out the results. It was found that the national organic agriculture policy implementation progressed satisfactorily. The main obstacles were a negative attitude of government official concerned toward the policy, budget allocation, an coordination among related agencies, conflict of the government's development policies, low interest of agriculturists due to inaccessibility to related information, and no opportunity to participation in the policy setting, difference in the organic product standards between the public and the private sectors and between countries. In addition, the entrepreneur's leadership, business structure, capital, commitment and lifestyle affected the success of the national organic agriculture policy implementation. The policy structure and planning were recommended that is, human resources should be trained to have a good knowledge of organic agriculture throughout the supply chain. The budget allocation should be project - based and practical research should be financially supported. Organic products needed to be made to differ from conventional products. There should be PR for organic branding. A course on organic agriculture should be designed to educate the people. Future research should study international success cases of resource funding, organic supply chain management in order to adapt to the Thai context.